Ann M. Arvin, M.D. - Immunology, Microbiology & Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics
The Arvin
laboratory investigates the pathogenesis of varicella zoster virus
(VZV) infection, focusing on the functional roles of particular viral
gene products in pathogenesis and virus-cell interactions in
differentiated human cells in humans and in Scid-hu mouse models of VZV
cell tropisms in vivo, and the immunobiology of VZV infections.
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Eugene C. Butcher, M.D. - Immunology, Pathology
The Butcher lab studies the trafficking of white blood cells (lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, etc.), including their interactions with the endothelial lining of blood vessels at sites of leukocyte extravasation, and their specialized chemotactic responses in tissues.
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Ajay Chawla, M.D., Ph.D. - Immunology, Cancer Biology
The Chawla laboratory laboratory studies the function of two adopted orphan receptors, PPAR gamma and PPAR delta, in macrophages and dendritic cells. They aim to dissect the receptor signaling pathways that control macrophage and dendritic cell activation in order to better understand cellular lipid homeostasis, which has implications for human diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and impaired immunity.
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Chang-Zheng Chen, Ph.D. - Immunology, Microbiology & Immunology
The Chen lab studies the genetic networks controlled by regulatory RNAs, such as microRNAs and small interfering RNAs, and the roles of these RNAs in modulating the development, function and pathogenesis of vertebrate immune systems. Areas of current interests include: 1) miRNAs’ roles in the maintenance, self-renewal, and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells; (2) miRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for leukemias and other blood disorders; (3) miRNA-mediated posttranscriptional gene regulatory networks and their interactions with transcriptional networks during normal and aberrant hematopoietic lineage differentiation.
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Yueh-Hsiu Chien, Ph.D. - Immunology, Microbiology & Immunology
One of the focuses of the Chien lab is
to define gamma delta T cell function.
They have shown that gamma delta T cell receptors and alpha beta
T cell receptors have profound differences in their antigen recognition
requirements. While alpha beta TCR recognize peptide/ MHC molecules,
gamma delta T cells seem to focus on self-ligands, which act as sensors
of physiological disturbance. They have identified a natural ligand for
murine gamma delta T cells, the only one that has been identified so
far and determined how this repertoire is generated. They want to follow
up on these studies to determine other gamma delta T cell ligands, to
understand, how self-recognition and subsequent effector functions in
infection and autoimmune diseases are regulated.
Another area of focus is on the host response to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection.Y. pseudotuberculosis is gram-negative bacteria related to the causative agent of bubonic plague.
They found Yersinia infection efficiently and profoundly inhibits antigen
receptor mediated T cell and B cell functions. They currently analyze
host responses to this infection and how the infection modulates immune
responses to non-Yersinia antigens.
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Gilbert Chu, M.D., Ph.D. - Immunology, Oncology, Biochemistry
The Chu lab
focuses on understanding how cells respond to DNA damage. Their research
currently involves three areas that interact with each other: repair of
ionizing radiation damage, repair of ultraviolet radiation damage, and
transcriptional responses to DNA damage in cancer patients.
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Carol Clayberger, Ph.D. - Immunology, Pediatrics, Cardiothoracic Surgery
Dr. Clayberger's research is focused on using information on the human T cell response for the development of new immunotherapies to treat disease. Current projects include development of derivatives of granulysin as new antibiotics, analysis of the T cell response to antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and development of new strategies to induce tolerance, including chemokines and regulatory T cells.
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Michael Cleary, M.D. - Immunology, Cancer Biology, Pathology
Research in the Cleary lab focuses
on developmental pathways that regulate hematopoietic
cell growth and differentiation and are disrupted in the course of
neoplastic transformation, particularly in leukemias and lymphomas. We
employ a variety of experimental systems for our studies ranging from
molecular biology to transgenic and knockout mice.
.
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Gerald Crabtree, M.D. - Immunology, Cancer Biology, Developmental Biology, Molecular Pharmacology
A long-term area of
investigation in the laboratory has been a signaling pathway that they
discovered a number of years ago in lymphocytes and have recently found
is also important for development of the mammalian heart and the
functioning of specific neurons in the hippocampus. This signaling
pathway involves Ca2+, calcineurin and the NF-ATc family of
transcription factors. They have been studying the way that this pathway
dictates biologic specificity, even though it is present in most cells.
A second interest in the lab relates to how chromatin is remodeled
during development in response to signaling transduction pathways.
Finally, they are developing new ways of making conditional alleles of
mammalian genes using synthetic ligands that we hope will bring about a
new fusion of biochemical and genetic approaches to understanding and
controlling fundamental biologic processes.
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Christopher Contag, Ph.D. - Immunology, Microbiology & Immunology, Pediatrics, Radiology
To study the dynamics of biological processes, they use noninvasive approaches that have cellular resolution and molecular specificity, and that can reveal dynamic changes as they occur in the living body. They have developed imaging approaches based on optical reporter genes and have used them to reveal immune cell trafficking patterns, regulation of gene expression, extent of tumor growth and nature of host responses to infection.
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Mark M. Davis, Ph.D. - Immunology, Microbiology & Immunology
The Davis lab is interested in the molecular basis of T and B lymphocyte recognition, as well as the control of differentiation and functional responses in these cells. In particular, they have studied the biochemical basis of T cell receptor binding to antigen/MHC complexes and find that the strength of the interactions is a very good predictor of what the resulting T cell response will be. They also found that T cell receptor-peptide/ MHC complexes have an inherent ability to form oligomers and that this could be part of the ‘trigger’ for T cell activation. One spin-off of these biochemical studies has been the development of tetrameric peptide/MHC reagents which have proven to be generally useful for staining and characterizing antigen-specific T cells in complex mixtures of lymphocytes.
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Antony De Tomaso, Ph.D. - Immunology, Pathology
The De Tomaso lab is investigating several interrelated phenomena in a primitive chordate, the ascidian Botryllus schlosseri. The lab is located at Stanford’s Hopkins Marine Station on the Monterey Peninsula, where we are studying: 1) allorecognition and the evolutionary origins of different components of the vertebrate immune system; 2) pluripotent, parasitic stem cells; 3) the molecular mechanisms which underlie complete asexual regeneration in this organism.
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Firdaus Dhabhar, Ph.D. - Immunology, Psychiatry & Behavioral Science
The Dhabhar lab is interested in identifying biological mechanisms that mediate and
differentiate the recently appreciated immunoenhancing effects of
short-term stress from the long-known immunosuppressive effects of
chronic stress. They examine stress effects on leukocyte trafficking,
innate/adaptive immunity, and cytokine gene/protein expression using
models of skin immunity, surgery, and cancer.
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Edgar Engleman, M.D. - Immunology,Pathology
For the last several years this laboratory has studied human
mononuclear leukocytes and their products with the ultimate goal of
treating disease by manipulating the immune system, in vivo.
This work has led to the identification of novel T cell surface
proteins that regulate T cell receptor signaling, and we are currently
studying the biochemical basis for these effects. In addition, they have
developed methods for isolating human dendritic cells from peripheral
blood and arming these cells with antigen so that they can be used to
sensitize naïve T cells, in vitro or in vivo. They are now utilizing antigen pulsed dendritic cells in clinical trials in patients with cancer and AIDS with the goal of inducing tumor or viral specific immunity.
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C. Garrison Fathman, M.D. - Immunology, Medicine
The Fathman
laboratory is interested in the pathophysiology and immunotherapy of autoimmune disease .1) Gene Therapy.have extensive experience in the area of retroviral gene transduction
of murine T cells leading to potential treatment of autoimmune disease.
These include, but are not limited to, the delivery of regulatory
cytokines and inhibitors of cytokines. 2)
T Cell Signalling.
Two closely matched sets of T cells, one activated and one rendered
anergic, are compared by analyzing message as cDNA utilizing the
technique of differential display. This allows the possibility of
isolating and characterizing those gene products expressed in the state
of activation or of anergy. 3)
Pathogenesis of Autoimmunity. They study the NOD animal model of human IDDM and EAE as a model of multiple sclerosis.
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Dean Felsher, M.D. - Immunology, Cancer Biology, Medicine, Pathology
The Felsher laboratory investigates how oncogenes initiate and sustain tumorigenesis. They have developed model systems whereby they can conditionally activate oncogenes in normal human and mouse cells in tissue culture or in specific tissues of transgenic mice. They have shown that cancers caused by the conditional over-expression of the MYC proto-oncogene regress with its inactivation.
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Magali Fontaine , M.D., Ph.D. - Immunology, Pathology
The Fontaine lab's interest lies at the frontier of Transfusion Medicine by developing and optimizing new cellular therapies such as islet transplantation for patients with Type 1 Diabetes. Their primary focus has been to treat IDDM-I with pancreatic islet-cell replacement therapy instead of insulin-injections. We have studied pancreatic islet preservation and function after their isolation from the pancreas and we have developed new conditions of isolation to optimize islet cell function for transplantation. This new therapeutic approach still needs refinements, which they are working on, to prevent long term islet-graft failure from recurrence of autoimmunity, rejection, and/or insulin resistance.
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Stephen Galli, M.D. - Immunology, Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology
The goals of Dr. Galli’s laboratory are to understand the regulation of mast cell and basophil development, and the expression of mast cell and basophil function, at the molecular level, and to elucidate the roles of these cells in asthma and other allergic diseases, innate and acquired immune responses, inflammation, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling.
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K. Christopher Garcia, Ph.D. - Immunology,Biophysics, Microbiology & Immunology, Structural Biology
The Garcia
laboratory studies structural and biophysical aspects of immune receptor ligand recognition and activation. They are carrying out a variety of in vitro biochemical and biophysical analyses of immune receptors ranging from pre-B cell receptor to alpha-beta TCR interactions with peptide-MHC, to gamma-delta interactions with non-classical MHC. Members of the Garcia lab, both post-doc and graduate students, each focus on one or two immune receptors with the goal of determining their structures and probing the structural information by means of functional studies. The research experiences involve techniques ranging from x-ray crystallography to molecular biology.
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Leonard Herzenberg, D.Sc. - Immunology, Genetics, Biomechanical Engineering
The focus of the Herzenberg is on gene regulation in the immune system, development and
function of B cell subpopulations, and applications of
Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS). FACS
permits analysis and sorting of viable cells very rapidly on the basis
of fluorescence marking. Recently they have devised a method to study
gene regulation at the individual cell level using the FACS and a
fluorogenic substrate for E. coli lac Z-encoded ß-galactosidase (ß-gal).
[Full Profile] [Lab Site] []
Leonore (Lee) Herzenberg, D.Sc. - Immunology, Genetics, Biomechanical Engineering
The focus of the Herzenberg is on gene regulation in the immune system, development and function of B cell subpopulations, and applications of Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS). FACS permits analysis and sorting of viable cells very rapidly on the basis of fluorescence marking. Recently they have devised a method to study gene regulation at the individual cell level using the FACS and a fluorogenic substrate for E. coli lac Z-encoded ß-galactosidase (ß-gal).
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Patricia Jones, Ph.D. - Immunology, Biological Sciences
Dr. Jones' research is currently focused on the regulation of innate and inflammatory responses. In particular, her lab is investigating the mechanisms by which the protein phosphatase calcineurin negatively regulates the TLR/IL-1R signalling pathway and the functional significance of the activation of this pathway by the calcineurin inhibitors FK506 and cyclosporin A.
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Sheri Krams, Ph.D. - Immunology
The Krams group is interested in mechanisms of apoptosis after transplantation; the role of NK cells in allograft rejection and tolerance; and the identification and characterization of NK cell receptors and ligands.
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Alan M. Krensky, M.D. - Immunology, Cancer Biology, Molecular Pharmacology
Research in this laboratory focuses on using knowledge about the basic mechanisms of T lymphocyte biology in order to design novel immunotherapies for use in infectious diseases, transplantation, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. The techniques of cellular immunology, protein chemistry, and molecular biology are used in the following four projects: 1) Immunosuppressive efects of HLA derived peptides.
2) Function and transcriptional regulation of expression of the chemokine RANTES.
3) The novel cytolyic molecule granulysin.
4) Role of chemokine lymphotactin in immunologic tolerance.
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Calvin Kuo, M.D., Ph.D. - Immunology, Molecular Pharmacology, Medicine
Research in the Kuo laboratory is focused on the biologic characterization of novel molecules regulating angiogenesis, and assessment of their use for anti-angiogenic therapy of cancer. They have used adenoviruses to enable high-level expression of circulating ectodomains of receptors implicated in tumor angiogenesis, such as the VEGF, Tie2 and PDGF receptors. In related activities, they are exploring the molecular basis of tumor resistance to VEGF blockade, and are using adenoviruses expressing ectodomains of the VEGF, Tie2 and PDGF receptors to achieve conditional knockout of these systems in adult mice to probe their functions in adult physiologic and tumor angiogenesis. They are also probing the biology of vascular G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) through knockout and morpholino strategies in mice and zebrafish. The Kuo lab is also interested in exploring the roles of Wnt proteins in the stimulation of intestinal epithelial proliferation and as novel therapies for mucosal repair in inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Peter Lee, M.D. - Immunology, Cancer Biology, Medicine
Their
research focuses on understanding the biology of the immune response to cancer.
Key questions being pursued:
1. How does the immune system tell a cancer cell from a normal cell?
2. What are the molecular mechanisms by which cancer cells modulate the immune response?
3. How do different treatments - chemotherapy, radiation, transplantation, biotherapies (e.g. IL-2, Interferon, etc.) - impact on the balance between tumor cell proliferation and the immune response?
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Ron Levy, M.D. - Immunology, Oncology
Clinical interests: lymphoma. Research interests: Immunology and molecular biology of lymphoid malignancy; molecular vaccines for cancer. Dr. Levy's research has so far resulted in the following achievements: curing lymphoma in people with monoclonal antibodies; classifying lymphoma in people by gene expression profiling; development of a vaccine therapy for lymphoma. Dr. Levy is a recipient of the Kettering Prize and Karnofsky Prize.
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Shoshana Levy, Ph.D. - Immunology
Study of tetraspanins: the immunoregulatory role of CD81 (TAPA-1), role of CD81 in HCV infection, characterization of the new tetraspanins. Vaccine development: polarizing immune responses by antigen-cytokine fusion proteins and DNA constructs. Discovered the tetraspanin superfamily; it's prototype, CD81 is the receptor for hepatitis C virus and is required for infection of hepatocytes by plasmodium, the malaria causing parsite.
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David B. Lewis, Ph.D. - Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics, Transplant Biology
The Lewis lab studies the post-natal ontogeny of T cell immune responses, including to vaccines and natural infection in humans. Murine infection models are used in parallel where appropriate. Defining mechanisms by which viral infections alter aubsequent T cell immunity to unrelated antigens in the context of allergic disease and allograft transplantation is currently a major focus. Projects range from those that are basic (eg, defining immunological phenotypes of mice with disruption of a gene that is selectively expressied by peripheral T cells in early post-natal ontogeny) or more translational (eg, determining the immne phenotype of a patient lacking expression of the IL-12 receptor beta 1 chain gene).
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Richard Lewis, Ph.D. - Immunology, Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Molecular Pharmacology, Neurosciences
The Lewis group is focused on the mechanisms of calcium signal generation in T lymphocytes, and the impact of those signals on T cell function and development. They study how calcium channels and pumps are controlled in T cells, and how they interact with the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria to create complex calcium signals such as oscillations. They are also studying the role of calcium signal dynamics in regulating the specificity of gene expression and cell fate choices during T cell development.
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Joseph Lipsick, M.D. - Immunology, Cancer Biology, Genetics, Pathology
The Lipsick laboratory studies the regulation of normal and malignant hematolymphoid cells by the Myb oncogene family. In particular, they are interested in understanding how the Myb proteins regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival.
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Olivia M. Martinez, Ph.D. - Immunology
There are two major areas of focus in the laboratory. First, they are
interested in Epstein Barr Virus-mediated mechanisms of immune evasion
with particular focus on resistance to cell death receptor pathways of
apoptosis in EBV B cell lymphomas, the characterization of the human T
cell response to EBV infected B cells and effects of immunosuppressive
drugs on growth and survival of EBV B cell lymphomas. The second area
of study addresses tolerance induction in solid organ transplantation.
In particular they are examining the generation and characterization of
regulatory T cells in allogeneic responses and the role of alternate
co-stimulatory molecules in alloreactivity.
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Hugh McDevitt, M.D. - Immunology, Microbiology and Immunology
The laboratory+s research program focuses on the molecular mechanisms
by which particular major histocompatibility molecules mediate the
presentation of self antigens to induce autoimmunity.
1) Current experiments focus on identifying the peptide fragments of
proteins from the insulin producing beta cells which induce a T cell
response leading to inflammation and destruction of the islet beta
cells.
2)
Current studies focus on the effect of TNF alpha on signaling through
the T cell receptor; on the development of CD4+, CD25+ regulatory T
cells which are capable of suppressing normal immune responses, as well
as autoimmune responses, and on the role of lymphotoxin in driving
selective expression of chemokines which result in the development of
autoreactive T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes.
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Elizabeth Mellins, M.D. - Immunology, Pediatrics
The Mellins lab focuses on the study of antigen presentation by major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. They have been
particularly interested in the molecular mechanisms and intracellular
steps involved in the generation of complexes between MHC class II
molecules and peptides. Their work in this area has elucidated the roles
of invariant chain and HLA-DM,
two molecules which regulate peptide-loading of class II molecules. In addition, have
investigated the molecular basis of HLA-DR4 association with rheumatoid arthritis.
[Full Profile] [Lab Site] []
Sara A. Michie, M.D. - Immunology, Pathology
Interactions between lymphocyte adhesion molecules and their
endothelial ligands are important in the migration of lymphocytes from
blood into tissue. The Michie lab research focuses on the adhesion molecules that
control the tissue-selective migration of lymphocytes into sites of
chronic inflammation.
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David Miklos, M.D., Ph.D. - Immunology, Medicine
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can cure
hematologic malignancies. Beneficial alloimmune responses target mHA
expressed on hematopoietic tumor cells resulting in graft versus
leukemia (GVL) and contribute to the eradication of malignant cells
following transplantation. However, when donor T cells target mHA
expressed by normal recipient tissues, patients suffer
graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). A more extensive characterization of
human mHA will establish which mHA mediate GVHD and/or GVL.
[Full Profile] [Lab Site] []
Robert Negrin, M.D. - Immunology, Cancer Biology, Medicine
Research projects in the Negrin laboratory are aimed at studying the biology
of cell populations capable of inducing or suppressing graft vs host
disease as well as cells capable of promoting a graft vs tumor effect.
In particular they are studying:
1)
The clinical utility of expanded cytotoxic cells for immunotherapy. 2)
The interaction between the cytotoxic effector cells and a variety of tumor cell targets. 3) The biological impact of phenotypically defined populations of
regulatory T cells on graft vs host disease and graft vs tumor
reactions. 4) Bioluminescent techniques to study these complex biological processes
[Full Profile] [Lab Site] []
Garry Nolan, Ph.D. - Immunology, Cancer Biology, Microbiology & Immunology
Signaling systems can now be analyzed directly by flow cytometry and
Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting. The Nolan lab has developed a series of
methods for following multiple phosphoproteins in complex populations
of primary cells. Up to 11 simultaneous parameters can be followed in
single cells including multiple kinases, phosphoproteins, cell cycle,
and other parameters allow for exacting resolution of cellular
activation states.
The lab is using these techniques to study B and T cell signaling, dendritic cell function, and other immune parameters by analysis of biochemical functions at the single cell level and have recently used the approach to distinguish predictive patterns of intracellular signaling to classify patient responses to chemotherapies.
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Peter Parham, Ph.D. - Immunology, Microbiology & Immunology, Structural Biology
The Parham laboratory studies the polymorphism of immune system molecules. Current research is primarily concerned with the study of a family of natural killer (NK) cell receptors, the killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). Ongoing projects study both polymorphism at the level of populations and species as well as the functional consequences of the polymorphisms.
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William Robinson, M.D., Ph.D. - Immunology, Medicine - Rheumatology & Immunology
The Robinson lab studies the molecular mechanisms of and develop specific therapies to
treat autoimmune disease, with a focus on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and
multiple sclerosis (MS). They develop and apply protein array and other
multiplex technologies to develop novel approaches for the diagnosis
and treatment of RA and MS.
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David Schneider, Ph.D. - Immunology, Microbiology & Immunology
The Schneider lab studies innate immunity and host-pathogen interactions. They are
currently working on models for malaria, tuberculosis and other
intracellular pathogens.
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Judith Shizuru, M.D., Ph.D. - Immunology, Medicine - Bone Marrow Transplant
Their research interests are to understand the cellular and molecular
basis of resistance to engraftment of transplanted allogeneic bone
marrow (BM) cells and to understand the way in which BM grafts modify
immune responses. This research complements their interest in clinical BM
transplantation and aspects of these studies are aimed at solving some
of the major problems of BM transplantation which include graft-vs-host
disease and BM engraftment failure.
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Raymond Sobel, M.D. - Immunology,Neurosciences
The lab is concerned with mechanisms of cellular immune reactions and
tissue injury in the central nervous system (CNS) as they occur in
human multiple sclerosis.
We are currently focusing on alterations of extracellular matrix
heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) as their catabolic products may
inhibit endogenous neuronal regeneration.
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Lawrence Steinman, M.D. - Immunology, Genetics, Neurosciences, Pediatrics The Steinman lab
is using gene microarrays and protein microarrays to study brain
tissue from inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases of the brain.
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Samuel Strober, M.D. - Immunology, Medicine
Investigation into interactions of the cells during the immune response
to organ and bone marrow transplants and in autoimmune disease is a
major focus of the laboratory research. Developing therapeutic
strategies for organ transplantation and autoimmunity based on these
principles is a major goal.
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Man-wah Tan, Ph.D. - Immunology, Genetics, Microbiology & Immunology
The goals of their research programs are to use genetic, molecular and
genomics approaches to address fundamental and outstanding questions in
host-pathogen interactions. Their laboratory’s efforts focus on the identification and characterization of 1)
the virulence factors employed by pathogens to overcome host defenses, 2)
the signaling pathways that are triggered, and the defense arsenal that is deployed, by the host in response to pathogens, and 3)
the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between host- and pathogen-derived factors.
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Paul (PJ) Utz, M.D. - Immunology, Biomedical Informatics, Medicine
The four major goals of the Utz lab's studies are:
(1) To understand the mechanisms by which highly-conserved, diverse molecules and complexes such as histones and splicing particles are targeted by T and B lymphocytes and to determine how an immune response directed against ubiquitous antigens leads to organ-specific autoimmune disease.
(2) To use autoimmune sera as molecular probes to study basic cellular processes, particularly apoptosis signaling pathways, alternative RNA splicing, and endoplasmic reticulum protein transport.
(3) To invent and validate novel technologies for high-throughput, multiplex proteomics signaling molecules and studies.
(4) To take advantage of the information provided by autoantibody profiling methods to develop antigen-specific tolerizing therapies for common autoimmune diseases.
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Irving Weissman, M.D. - Immunology, Developmental Biology, Pathology
Irving L. Weissman's research encompasses the phylogeny and
developmental biology of the cells that make up the blood-forming and
immune systems. His laboratory identified and isolated the
blood-forming stem cell from mice, and has defined, by lineage
analysis, the stages of development between the stem cells and mature
progeny (granulocytes, macrophages, etc.).
The Weissman laboratory also has a small group at Hopkins Marine
Station, where they have developed a model organism for laboratory and
field study of allorecognition—the invertebrate counterpart of transplantation immunity.
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